TUFS Language Modules

解説

For nouns, which are formed by compounding two different nouns, the accent patterns are different from the original words when pronounced separately. Even if there is an accent nucleus when pronouncing each word separately, the accent pattern will change when compounding the words into one. The reason is that there can only be one accent nucleus in a word. For example, when the first component haru ( る(春) spring)compounds with the second component yasumu yasumi (すみ (休み)holidays) to form haruyasumi (spring holidays), the accent is not ha ruyasumi, but haruyasumi (るやすみ).

To some extent, there are rules regarding accent patterns of compound nouns. If you remember these rules and memorize those exceptions which do not conform to these rules, it will be easier to acquire the accent patterns of compound nouns. The following table summarizes the rules of the accent patterns of compound nouns.

Number of moras of the second component

Condition

Accent of the compound noun

Examples

The second component consists of one mora or two moras

For most cases

The accent nucleus is at the last mora of the first component. However, if the last mora of the first component happens to be a dependent mora, the accent nucleus will shift to the mora before the last one.

be + shi → kōbe-shi

se ndai + shi → sendai-shi

shibuya + ku → shibuya-ku

kōtō + ku → kōtō-ku

shinjuku + eki → shinjuku-eki

tōkyō + eki → tōkyō-eki

Few

Examples of the second component:go (語 language), iro (色 color), ka (課 section), chū (中 during, in the middle), ka (科 department), ka (家 a specialist in ~), (製 -made), dai (代 cost), teki (的 -ly, -like) etc.

Unaccented

chūgoku + go → chūgoku-go
midori + iro → midori-iro

gakusē + ka → gakusē-ka

gozen + chū → gozen-chū

The second component consists of three or four moras

The second component is an unaccented or a final-accented word.

The accent nucleus is at the last mora of the second component

onna + kotoba → onna-kotoba

natsu + yasumi → natsu-yasumi

puro + yakyū → puro-yakyū

The back component is an initially-accented word or a middle-accented word

Same as the accent nucleus of the second component

(朝御飯 breakfast)
shiritsu + toshokan → shiritsu-toshokan

The back component consists of five moras or more

For most cases

Same as the accent nucleus of the second component

yamada + shōgakkō → yamada-shōgakkō

tanjōbi + purezento → tanjōbi-purezento